Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 7 Articles
Objectives\r\n\r\nConventional irradiation (CF) has major implications on both patient quality of life and radiotherapy (RT) departments. Hypofractionated (HF) RT schedule would be more convenient for patients and for health care providers. We retrospectively evaluated OAS, DFS, locoregional control, and treatment related toxicities, in patients treated with CF and HF schedules.\r\n\r\nMethods\r\n\r\nThis retrospective study analyzed the medical records of female breast cancer patients with infiltrating duct carcinoma, and underwent surgery and received adjuvant systemic and radiation therapies.The schedule of adjuvant radiotherapy was divided into two groups; CF (n = 162), and HF (n = 181).The log-rank test examined differences in OAS and DFS rates. Data of radiation toxicities, and disease relapse in both CF and HF groups were compared using Chi-square test.\r\n\r\n Results\r\n\r\nThe median follow up was 42 months (range: 6 ââ?¬â?? 127 months). Four-year OAS & DFS rates for the whole group were 86.5% & 83.8% respectively. There were no significant differences in 4-year OAS regarding age at diagnosis (p = 0.18, HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.36 ââ?¬â?? 1.22), disease stage (p = 0.06), HR status (p = 0.1, HR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.241 ââ?¬â?? 1.135), type of surgery (p = 0.28, HR 1.44, 95% CI 0.74 2.79), and fractionation schedule (p = 0.12, HR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.35 ââ?¬â?? 1.34). Disease stage (p = 0.032, in favour of early stages) and fractionation schedule (p = 0.039, HR 0.553, 95% CI: 0.315 ââ?¬â?? 0.970 in favour of HF) were associated with significant differences in 4-year DFS rates.\r\n\r\nConclusion\r\n\r\nHypofractionated radiation therapy was safe and resulted in comparable OAS and disease relapse rates, to that in CF....
The skin is an uncommon site of metastasis of the internal cancers. The majority of cutaneous metastases are\r\ndiagnosed after the primary cancer; but they can be the telltale sign of an unknown malignancy. They represent\r\na sign of poor prognosis with a survival rate not exceeding a few months. We report the results of a retrospective\r\nstudy conducted in department of medical oncology at Hassan II University Hospital, including 12 patients with\r\ncutaneous metastases. The aim of this work is to show the rarity of skin as metastatic site, to analyze the clinical\r\naspects of cutaneous metastasis, the most criminalized primary cancers and the prognosis value of this metastatic\r\nlocalization....
ABSTRACTThe Philadelphia chromosome was the first consistent cytogenetic abnormality observed in a human cancer. Several characteristic chromosome rearrangements like double minute chromosomes are known to be associated with different subtypes of myeloid leukemia. Double Minute Chromosomes are the cytogenetic hallmarks of genomic rearrangements in cancers. Two cases, one with AML-M1 and the other with CML- blast crisis, associated with double minute chromosomes and Philadelphia chromosome is presented. The additional chromosome changes to primary chromosome abnormality may be influenced by other factor like chemotherapy. The identification of two new cases with co-expression of double minute chromosomes and Ph chromosome presented here for the first time in Iran together with large Mitelman database and other pertinent website reports is discussed....
Background: The properties of Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) make them useful for cancer therapy, diagnostics and imaging. For the application of GNPs in therapy and drug delivery there is a great necessity to synthesize known particle size of GNPs with simple methods. This study aimed to optimize a novel simple method for synthesizing GNPs.\r\n \r\nMethods: GNPs were synthesized by using different citrate concentrations (40, 100 and 150 mM) through reduction of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4) of varying concentrations. The synthesized GNPs were characterized with transmission electron microscope, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and size distributions with dynamic light scattering.\r\n \r\nResults: At 40 mM citrate concentration, different particle sizes (18-28 nm), non-round and not homogenous GNPs were formed; at 100 mM citrate concentration, more round GNPs were formed and the particle size reduced to nearly 12 nm with very narrow particle size distribution; at 150 mM citrate concentration, the GNPs size increased up to 18 nm and the homogeneity of the particle size distribution reduced as indicted from both Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) image and distribution profile. When HAuCl4 concentration increased from 1 to 4 mM, the particle size of GNPs increased from 12 nm to nearly 20 nm, respectively.\r\n \r\nConclusions: At 40 mM citrate concentration, the coverage of citrate is incomplete and the aggregation process leads to the formation of inhomogenous GNPs; at 100 mM citrate concentrations, the citrate behaves as a pH mediator explains the reduction of the particle size. The increase of HAuCl4 concentration causes retardation of the nucleation step forming lower number of nuclei in the solution and thus increases the final particle size and polydispersity....
In the recent years, knowledge about cancer biomarkers has increased tremendously providing great opportunities for improving the management of cancer patients by enhancing the efficiency of detection and efficacy of treatment. Recent technological advancement has enabled the examination of many potential biomarkers and renewed interest in developing new biomarkers. The biology of disease progression is a complex process that involves multiple sequential steps leading to cellular changes and metabolic events. These molecular events, which may serve as potential biomarkers, can be analyzed by laboratory methods and used to detect a disease such as cancer or indicate the biological exposure to environmental substances including dietary intake. Identification of the genetic, molecular, and clinical events involved in the disease process enables the development of effective therapeutic and preventive measures and the prediction of prognostic outcomes. This review provides a brief account on various biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic purposes, which include markers already in clinical practice as well as various upcoming biomarkers....
This article explores the role of uterine artery embolization in the management of bleeding secondary to cervical\r\ncarcinoma. Uterine artery embolization is a safe and effective treatment for control of massive bleeding in cervical\r\ncancer. This conservative treatment not only improves the patient�s quality of life by reducing the risk of profound\r\nanaemia but also help them to be ready for the next phase of treatment which could be radiotherapy or surgery....
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening condition which could result in electrolyte imbalances, acute\r\nrenal failure, seizures, arrhythmias and sudden death. It is mostly seen after the initiation of chemotherapy in\r\nhematological malignancies such as Burkitt�s lymphoma and other Non-Hodgkin�s Lymphoma. Solid tumors are\r\nrarely associated with Tumor Lysis Syndrome. TLS prior to the initiation of chemotherapy is known as spontaneous\r\nTLS, of which most of the literature involves hematological malignancies. There have been only a handful of case\r\nreports of spontaneous TLS occurring in solid tumors. We are presenting a patient who was newly diagnosed with\r\nmetastatic small cell cancer of lung who developed spontaneous TLS. To our knowledge this is the first reported\r\ncase of spontaneous TLS in small cell cancer of the lung. We will also review the literature on spontaneous TLS\r\nin solid tumors and whether as clinicians we can identify high-risk patients. Prompt diagnosis is essential in order\r\nto initiate necessary prophylactic precautions. After reviewing the few case reports it appears bulky tumors, site of\r\nmetastases, prior renal functions may predict risk of suffering from TLS in solid tumors....
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